A Review of Self-Healing Concrete Technologies for Sustainable Infrastructure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59675/E121Keywords:
Self-healing concrete, Autogenous healing, Bacterial concrete, Microbial induced calcite precipitation, Encapsulated healing agentsAbstract
Self-healing concrete is a revolutionary innovation in the science of construction materials, which has an autonomous capacity to repair, which is one of the primary drawbacks of concrete cracking and progressive weakening. This review looks at the key self-healing strategies that have been developed over the last 20 years such as autogenous healing in which the surrounding hydration and carbonation promote the healing process, bacterial-based biological systems in which microbial induced calcite precipitation acts to promote healing, and encapsulated chemical healing agents which are released once the crack is formed. The evaluation of each technology is in terms of efficiency of healing, constraints in terms of practical crack width, environmental necessities, cost implications and practicability. The article examines the latest progress in the encapsulation devices, bacterial spore protectant mechanism, and the hybrid systems of combining various mechanisms of healing in order to have the overall effect of crack healing. It has been shown in performance data that bacterial systems are capable of healing cracks with a width of up to 0.5-0.8 millimeters and a high recovery of the strength and that autogenous techniques can seal micro-cracks with a width of less than 0.15 millimeters. Issues of implementation such as scalability of production, standardization of quality control, long-term validation of performance and integration of the construction practices are critically looked at. The life-cycle assessment has shown that the potential environmental impact can be reduced by 20-30 percent by using longer structural life and lowering maintenance rates. The results indicate that self-healing concrete technology, specifically hybrid solutions have a lot of potential to revolutionize sustainable infrastructure construction with a significant portion of construction budgets estimated to be spent on construction repair and maintenance being diminished by a significant margin, and even the carbon emissions produced by concrete production and replacement being reduced significantly.
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